Effect of cone-beam computed tomography metal artefact reduction on incomplete subtle vertical root fractures.

Purpose: This study compared the accuracy of detection of incomplete vertical root fractures (VRFs) in filled and unfilled teeth on cone-beam computed tomography images with and without a metal artefact reduction (MAR) algorithm. Materials and Methods: Forty single-rooted maxillary premolars were selected and, after endodontic instrumentation, were categorized as unfilled teeth without fractures, filled teeth without fractures, unfilled teeth with fractures, or filled teeth with fractures. Each VRF was artificially created and confirmed by operative microscopy. The teeth were randomly arranged, and images were acquired with and without the MAR algorithm. The images were evaluated with OnDemand software (Cybermed Inc., Seoul, Korea). After training, 2 blinded observers each assessed the images for the presence and absence of VRFs 2 times separated by a 1-week interval. P-values<0.05 were considered to indicate significance. Results: Of the 4 protocols, unfilled teeth analysed with the MAR algorithm had the highest accuracy of incomplete VRF diagnosis (0.65), while unfilled teeth reviewed without MAR were associated with the least accurate diagnosis (0.55). With MAR, an unfilled tooth with an incomplete VRF was 4 times more likely to be identified as having an incomplete VRF than an unfilled tooth without this condition, while without MAR, an unfilled tooth with an incomplete VRF was 2.28 times more likely to be identified as having an incomplete VRF than an unfilled tooth without this condition. Conclusion: The use of the MAR algorithm increased the diagnostic accuracy in the detection of incomplete VRF on images of unfilled teeth.

Estudo da anatomia de incisivos inferiores em uma população da região Sudeste brasileira, usando TCFC / CBCT assessment of mandibular incisors anatomy in a population from Southeastern Brazil

Objetivo: Avaliar, por meio de tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC), a morfologia dos canais radiculares de dentes incisivos inferiores, em uma população da região Sudeste brasileira, e sua relação com a idade e o sexo dos pacientes Métodos: Foram analisados 371 prontuários de pacientes de ambos os sexos que continham exames de TCFC, totalizando 1.484 dentes incisivos inferiores. As imagens tomográficas foram capturadas com o tomógrafo Orthopantomograph OP300, com voxel de 0,20mm. A morfologia dos dentes foi avaliada de acordo com a classificação de Vertucci, e foram investigados os efeitos do sexo e da idade dos pacientes sobre a variação na morfologia desses dentes. Resultados: Todos os dentes avaliados apresentaram apenas uma raiz; 80,7% dos incisivos inferiores apresentaram um único canal (Tipo I de Vertucci). O segundo canal esteve presente em 19,3% dos casos, sendo do Tipo II de Vertucci em 1,1%, Tipo III em 18,1%, Tipo IV em 0,1% e Tipo V em 0,1%. Não houve influência estatisticamente significativa (p=0,890) do sexo na morfologia dos incisivos inferiores. Dentro da faixa etária analisada, os indivíduos com menos de 18 anos e aqueles com 40 a 49 anos (28,2% e 26,8% respectivamente) apresentaram significância estatística (p=0,001) quanto à presença de segundo canal, compa- rados aos de outras faixas etárias. Conclusões: A morfologia mais prevalente foi a Tipo I de Vertucci, seguida pelo Tipo III, sem diferença entre os sexos, e com maior prevalência de variação morfológica nos indivíduos com menos de 18 anos e com 40 a 49 anos de idade (AU).

Objective: Evaluate the root canal morphology of per- manent mandibular incisors, through the use of cone bean computed tomography (CBCT) in a population of Brazilian southeast region and its relationship with patient age and sex. Methods: A total of 1,484 mandibular incisors of 371 male and female patient`s medical records were analyzed using CBCT. The tomographic images were by the orthopantomograph OP300 tomograph, with voxel of 0.20 mm. The morphology of the teeth was evaluated according to the classification of VERTUCCI, and the effects of sex and age of the patients on the variation in the morphology of these teeth were investigated. Results: All evaluated teeth had only one root. A single canal (Ver- tuccis type I) was detected in 80.7% of mandibular incisors. The second canal was present in 19.3% of the cases, with rates of 1.1% for Type II, 18.1% for Type III, 0.1% for Type IV, and 0.1% for Type V. According to sex, there was no statistical difference (p = 0.890) in mandibular incisor morphology. Within the analyzed age group, individuals aged under 18 years and individuals between 40 and 49 years (28.2% and 26,8% respectively) were statistically significant (p = 0.001) when compared to the other age groups. Conclusions: The most prevalent morphology was Type I of VERTUCCI, followed by Type III, without difference between sex and with a higher prevalence of morphological variation in individuals with less than 18 years and between 40 and 49 years (AU).

Maturation stages of the sutures in the median palatine evaluated with cone-beam computed tomography.

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to evaluate the influence of age, sex, and facial growth patterns on the maturation stage of midpalatal sutures. METHODS: We selected 90 total skull cone-beam computed tomography scans and divided them into the following 3 groups: brachyfacial (n = 30), mesofacial (n = 30), and dolichofacial (n = 30). These groups were determined using Ricketts VERT 3-dimensional cephalometric analysis. All patients were aged ≥18 years and were divided into those aged ≥30 years and >30 years. The maturational stage of the median palatine sutures was determined by evaluating the central transverse axial dimension in the maxillary-mandibular palate. Maturational stages were classified as A, B, C, D, and E. RESULTS: Of the 90 images reviewed, 55 (61.1%) were female patients, and 35 were male patients (38.9%). The age of patients ranged from 18 to 59 years, with 55 patients aged <30 years (61.1%) and 35 aged ≥30 years (38.9%). Regarding the maturational stages, 3.3% of brachyfacial, 6.7% of mesiofacial, and 16.7% of dolichofacial subjects (P = 0.032) were classified as stages B and C. CONCLUSIONS: The patients' facial patterns were found to be a significant signal for the maturation stage of midpalatal sutures. Adult dolichofacial patients are the most likely to have stage B and C.

Diagnosis of ameloblastic fibro-odontoma: case report / Diagnóstico de fibro-odontoma ameloblástico: relato de caso

Objective: the present report describes the clinical, radiographic, and histopathological features of an ameloblastic fibro-odontoma (AFO) lesion. Case report: we report a clinical case of a 14-year-old boy with asymptomatic edema. Panoramic radiography detected a unilocular lesion with defined margins located in the posterior region of the mandible. The internal structure of the lesion presented several degrees of radiopacity with the involvement of the third molar. Cone-beam computed tomography revealed expanded buccal and lingual cortical bones, perforation of the lingual cortical bone, and displacement of the mandibular canal. AFO was suspected based on the radiographic and clinical characteristics. Total excision was performed and histologically examined, confirming the diagnosis of AFO. No recurrence occurred during a 24-month follow-up period. Final considerations: the evaluation of the clinical, radiographic, and histopathologic findings needs to be accurate for a correct diagnosis and appropriate treatment for case of AFO since the presentation is often asymptomatic.(AU)

Objetivo: o presente relato descreve as características clínicas, radiográficas e histopatológicas de uma lesão de fibro-odontoma ameloblástico (FOA). Relato de caso: relatamos o caso clínico de um menino de 14 anos com edema assintomático. A radiografia panorâmica detectou lesão unilocular com margens definidas e localizada na região posterior da mandíbula. A estrutura interna da lesão apresentava vários graus de radiopacidade com envolvimento do terceiro molar. A tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico revelou as corticais ósseas vestibular e lingual expandidas, perfuração da cortical óssea lingual e deslocamento do canal mandibular. FOA foi a hipótese diagnóstica com base nas características radiográficas e clínicas. A excisão total foi realizada e examinada histologicamente, confirmando o diagnóstico de FOA. Nenhuma recorrência ocorreu durante um período de acompanhamento de 24 meses. Considerações finais: a avaliação das características clínicas, radiográficas e histopatológicas contribuíram para um diagnóstico correto e o tratamento adequado para o caso de FOA, uma vez que a lesão é frequentemente assintomática.(AU)

Effect of image acquisition parameters on the radiopacity of bulk-fill and nanocomposite resins.

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the radiopacity of 2 bulk-fill resins (SonicFill and Filtek Bulk Fill) and a nanocomposite (Filtek Z350 XT) resin compared with enamel, dentin, and aluminum as measured with different exposure parameters. STUDY DESIGN: Resin disks were radiographed together with a 1-mm human tooth section and an aluminum stepwedge, at exposure times of 0.2 and 0.32 s, and source-image (S-I) distances of 30 and 40 cm, using complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) and photostimulable phosphor systems. Grayscale values were measured using ImageJ software. Paired Student t tests were used to compare the effect of the receptor on grayscale values for each material. Analysis of variance was used to evaluate the effects of receptor, exposure parameters, and the resins on radiopacity. RESULTS: All resins exhibited greater radiopacity scores than enamel and were significantly different from each other. Filtek Z350 produced the lowest radiopacity values, whereas SonicFill produced the highest. The radiopacity values were higher on images acquired with CMOS receptors. Receptor type, exposure time, S-I distance, and material, as well as many interactions of these parameters, affected the radiopacity of the resins. CONCLUSION: The tested resins complied with ISO 4049. Exposure parameters and digital receptors affected their radiopacity.

Odontogenic infection as a predisposing factor for pathologic disorder development in maxillary sinus.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate an association between odontogenic infections (OI) and maxillary sinuses pathologic disorder (MSPD). The distance between the sinus floor and the root apex of upper posterior teeth was also assessed. METHODS: Out of 4,402 cone beam computed tomography scans, 230 were selected, and 431 teeth were evaluated regarding the presence of OI: bone loss with furcation involvement, periapical and endodontic-periodontal lesions. The maxillary sinuses were assessed regarding the presence of MSPD, which was considered as mucosal thickening, opacification of the sinus and mucous retention cyst. RESULTS: There was a significant association between OI and MSPD (p < .001). Periodontal bone loss with furcation involvement, periapical lesions and endodontic-periodontal lesions increased the risk of opacification of the sinuses by 11.6, 34.1 and 228.8 times, respectively. The frequency of the different types of MSP showed not to be associated with a group of teeth or dental root. Conversely, the presence of MSP was associated with a significant shorter distance between the palatine root apex and the sinus floor (p < .001). CONCLUSION: There is a relationship between infectious process of teeth and MSPD. The proximity between the apex of palatine roots and the maxillary sinus floor showed to be a predisposing factor for MSPD.

CBCT Performance and Endodontic Sealer Influence in the Diagnosis of Vertical Root Fractures.

AIM: To evaluate the performance of three cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) machines in detecting vertical root fractures (VRFs) in teeth filled with different sealers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 80 single-rooted premolars were subjected to instrumentation and restoration with gutta-percha + AH Plus sealer, gutta-percha + sealer 26, gutta-percha + fill canal, and gutta-percha without sealer as the control. Half of the samples were randomly subjected to root fracture and all the teeth were scanned by i-CAT (Imaging Sciences International, Hatfield, USA), PreXion (PreXion Inc., San Mateo, USA), and OrthoPhos XG (Sirona Dental System, Bensheim, Germany). Three examiners analyzed the images for the presence of fractures. RESULTS: The highest accuracy was obtained with the PreXion device, with Az = 0.85, while the i-CAT device provided higher sensitivity (0.93). The specificity values observed ranged between 0.75 and 0.70. Chi-squared tests (p > 0.05) demonstrated that the sealers did not exert a significant influence on the diagnosis of VRF. CONCLUSION: It may be concluded that endodontic sealers do not influence the detection of VRF. The PreXion device was the most accurate, having the highest specificity value. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Radiopaque materials might affect the diagnosis of VRFs because they can simulate fracture lines, leading to false-positive results. Moreover, CBCT machines present different specificities that could exert some influence on that.

Traditional lecture versus PBL tutorials in Dental students' knowledge acquisition / Método tradicional versus ABP na aprendizagem de acadêmicos de Odontologia

Educators have currently recommended more dynamic models focused on the development of critical thinking, active learning and problem-solving. This prospective quantitative study aimed to compare the effect of two instructional formats - traditional lecture and problem-based learning (PBL) tutorials - on second-year dental students' knowledge in oral radiology. The students were randomly allocated into two groups: control group n=64 (traditional) and experimental group n=65 (PBL), both submitted to a course of oral radiology at different times - control group in the first half of 2015 and as the experimental group in the second half of the same year. In 2016, a test containing 30 questions in oral radiology was applied for students in both groups to evaluate their learning acquisition. The questions covered three domains: general principles, radiobiology/radioprotection, and technique/interpretation. The students' final score was compared between the two groups of teaching-learning methods by Mann-Whitney test. The significance level was set at 5% (α=0.05). The mean values of students' final score of control and experimental groups were, respectively, 15.11 and 15.58 with no statistically significant difference between them (p>0.05). Additionally, no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) was observed between both groups even when the domains were analyzed separately. In conclusion, the PBL tutorials format did not have a direct influence on knowledge acquisition for these second-year dental students in oral radiology (AU).

Atualmente os educadores recomendam modelos mais dinâmicos focados no desenvolvimento do pensamento crítico, aprendizado ativo e solução de problemas. Este estudo quantitativo prospectivo teve como objetivo comparar o efeito de dois formatos de instrução - aulas tradicionais e aprendizagem baseada em problemas (ABP) - sobre o conhecimento de estudantes de odontologia do segundo ano em Radiologia Odontológica. Os estudantes foram alocados aleatoriamente em dois grupos: grupo controle n = 64 (tradicional) e grupo experimental n = 65 (ABP), ambos submetidos a um curso de Radiologia Odontológica em diferentes momentos - grupo controle no primeiro semestre de 2015 e como grupo experimental no segundo semestre do mesmo ano. Em 2016, um teste contendo 30 questões em radiologia oral foi aplicado para estudantes de ambos os grupos avaliarem sua aquisição de aprendizagem. As questões abrangiam três domínios: princípios gerais, radiobiologia/radioproteção e técnica/interpretação. O escore final dos estudantes foi comparado entre os dois grupos pelo teste de Mann-Whitney. O nível de significância foi estabelecido em 5% (α = 0,05). Os valores médios do escore final dos estudantes dos grupos controle e experimental foram, respectivamente, 15,11 e 15,58, sem diferença estatisticamente significativa entre eles (p> 0,05). Além disso, não houve diferença estatisticamente significante (p> 0,05) entre os dois grupos, mesmo quando os domínios foram analisados separadamente. Em conclusão, o formato de tutoriais do ABP não teve influência direta na aquisição de conhecimento para esses estudantes (AU).

Unusual Case of Graphite Tattoo in a Pediatric Patient: Clinical Presentation and Differential Diagnosis.

Graphite tattoo, a rare finding in children, is characterized by a localized blue-grey macule of variable sizes and shapes. Intraoral graphite implantation may cause this pigmentation through accidental injury with a graphite pencil. The purpose of this paper is to report an unusual case of graphite tattoo involving the anterior palate region in a seven-year-old girl. A diagnosis was made based on clinical and radiographic examinations and histopathology features. This report also highlights the importance of differential diagnosis and management of oral benign and malignant pigmented lesions in children.

Intraobserver and interobserver reproducibility in linear measurements on axial images obtained by cone-beam computed tomography.

PURPOSE: This study was performed to investigate the intra- and inter-observer variability in linear measurements with axial images obtained by PreXion (PreXion Inc., San Mateo, USA) and i-CAT (Imaging Sciences International, Xoran Technologies Inc., Hatfield, USA) CBCT scanners, with different voxel sizes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cylindrical object made from nylon with radiopaque markers (phantom) was scanned by i-CAT and PreXion 3D devices. For each axial image, measurements were taken twice in the horizontal (distance A-B) and vertical (distance C-D) directions, randomly, with a one-week interval between measurements, by four oral radiologists with five years or more experience in the use of these measuring tools. RESULTS: All of the obtained linear measurements had lower values than those of the phantom. The statistical analysis showed high intra- and inter-observer reliability (p=0.297). Compared to the real measurements, the measurements obtained using the i-CAT device and PreXion tomography, on average, revealed absolute errors ranging from 0.22 to 0.59 mm and from 0.23 to 0.63 mm, respectively. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that both scanners are accurate, although the linear measurements are underestimations, with no significant differences between the evaluators.

Degenerative bone changes in TMJ assessed by cone beam computed tomography / Alterações ósseas degenerativas na ATM avaliadas por tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico

ABSTRACT Objective To assess the degenerative bone changes of the jaw head and the condylar mobility regarding gender and age. Methods The sample was composed of 106 CBCT images for TMJ region from patients over 18 years old, from both genders, from the archives of a radiological clinic in the city of Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil. The images were obtained from patients in maximum intercuspal and maximum mouth opening. The images were examined by a radiologist, through the software Xoran CAT(r), using a monitor with high resolution of and maximum color quality (12 bits) in a low light environment. It was assessed tomographic aspects of bone degenerative changes (flattening, erosion, osteophytes, bone sclerosis and pseudocyst) of both TMJ of each patient. The association among the degenerative changes of the jaw head, gender and age were investigated through Fisher's exact test, G-test and chi-squared test. The data obtained regarding condylar mobility (normo, hyper and hypoexcursion), location (right unilateral, left unilateral and bilateral) were also submitted to descriptive analysis in terms of absolute and relative frequency. Results The most frequent bone alteration was flattening (58.5%), followed by osteophytes (44.3%), erosion (22.6%), sclerosis (13.2%) and pseudocyst (10.4%). Regarding condylar mobility it was observed that normoexcursion (71.7%) was more prevalent. Conclusion The degenerative bone changes occurred more frequently among women and in bilateral location and there was an increasing of alterations according the age. It was not found correlation among condylar mobility and the presence of degenerative bone alterations of the TMJ.

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar as alterações ósseas degenerativas na cabeça da mandíbula e a mobilidade condilar com relação ao gênero e à faixa etária. Métodos A amostra foi constituída por 106 exames de TCFC para a região de ATM de pacientes com mais de 18 anos, do arquivo de uma clínica de radiologia odontológica, localizada na cidade de Campina Grande, PB, Brasil. As imagens foram obtidas com os pacientes em máxima intercuspidação e abertura de boca. As imagens foram examinadas por um radiologista, por meio do próprio software do tomógrafo Xoran CAT(r), usando-se um monitor com alta resolução e máxima qualidade de cor (12 bits) em ambiente com luz reduzida. Foram avaliados os aspectos tomográficos das alterações ósseas degenerativas (facetamento, erosão, osteófitos, esclerose óssea e pseudocisto) de ambas as ATM. As associações entre as alterações degenerativas e o sexo e a faixa etária foram investigadas por meio dos testes exato de Fisher, G e Qui-quadrado. Os dados obtidos quanto à excursão condilar (normoexcursão, hipoexcursão e hiperexcursão), segundo a localização também foram submetidos a análises descritivas. Resultados As alterações mais frequentes foram o facetamento (58,5%), seguido de osteófito (44,3%), erosão (22,6%), esclerose (13,2%) e pseudocisto (10,4%). Em relação à excursão condilar, observou-se que a normoexcursão foi a mais prevalente (71,7%). Conclusão As alterações ósseas degenerativas ocorreram de forma mais frequente em mulheres e de forma bilateral, e houve um aumento da frequência com a idade. Não foi encontrada correlação entre a excursão condilar e a presença de alterações na ATM, sendo a normoexcursão mais frequente.

Descriptive study of apical periodontitis detected in Cone Beam Computed Tomography scans / Estudo descritivo de periodontite periapical detectada em exames de Tomografia Computadorizada de Feixe Cônico

ABSTRACT Objective: To perform a descriptive study in order to evaluate apical periodontitis in endodontically treated teeth using cone beam computed tomography. Methods: Eighty-six exams presenting at least one apical periodontitis were selected and divided into two groups: 1 for the mandible and 2 for the maxilla. All the exams were done using the same cone beam computed tomography with standard acquisition settings. All the images were processed and manipulated using the same software. Then the lesions were classified according to the periapical index, but not considering the expansion and/or destruction of cortical. Results: 127 mandibular teeth and 180 maxillary teeth exhibited apical periodontitis with an average size of 0.49 mm in the mandible and 0.75 mm in the maxilla. It was found that the lower pre-molars were the teeth most affected. Lesions identified with scores between 0 and 1 correspond to 83.47% of the lesions in the mandible and 78.89% in the maxilla, and 55.12% of endodontically treated lower teeth and 50% of upper teeth presented no lesion recurrence or lesions under repair. Conclusion: There was a predominance of small apical periodontitis, the pre-molars being the teeth most affected.

RESUMO Objetivo: Realizar um estudo descritivo para avaliar periodontites periapicais em dentes com tratamento endodôntico em tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico. Métodos: Oitenta e seis exames que apresentaram pelo menos uma periodontite periapical foram selecionados e separados em dois grupos: 1 para a mandíbula, e 2 para a maxila. Todos os exames foram realizados na tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico com os mesmos protocolos de aquisição, e o mesmo software de avaliação e de mensuração. As lesões foram classificadas de acordo com o índice periapical, mas sem considerar a expansão do osso cortical e/ou destruição. Resultados: Cento e vinte sete dentes inferiores e 180 dentes superiores apresentaram periodontites periapicais com tamanho médio de 0,49 mm na mandíbula e de 0,75 mm na maxila. Observou-se que os pré-molares inferiores foram os dentes mais acometidos. Lesões identificadas entre os escores 0 e 1 corresponderam a 83,47% das lesões na mandíbula e 78,89% na maxila, sendo que 55,12% dos dentes tratados endodonticamente inferiores e 50% superiores não apresentaram lesões reincidentes ou em fase de reparação. Conclusão: Houve um predomínio de periodontites periapicais pequenas, sendo os pré-molares os dentes mais acometidos por estas lesões.

Oral lesions diagnosed in a public oral pathology laboratory / Alterações bucais registradas em um serviço público de patologia bucal

Objective: The aim of this study was to perform a retrospective study of 1,894 maxillofacial injuries diagnosed in a public laboratory in Mato Grosso and verify the association by considering the following variables: gender, age, anatomical locationand origin of the patient (capital, interior). Methods: A sample was selected in the period from2005 to 2008 in order to assess the prevalence of oral lesions in a Public Laboratory (MT Laboratório).Results: Chronic gingivitis was the most prevalent lesion, with a frequency of 11.46%, followed by inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia (7.44%), mucocele (7.23%) and fibroma (5.54%). Females were affected in50.63% of cases and males49.37%. However, there is no difference in gender (p=0.435). The second decade of lifeshowed a higher prevalence of injuries. The region of the jaw proved to be the most affected (24.45%)and most patients came from the interior. There was a statistically significant association between some pathologies and sex(p<0.001) among the most prevalent anatomical locations and gender (p<0.001) and origin of the patient (p<0.001). Conclusion: It can be concluded that chronic gingivitis was the most prevalent lesion. There was a statistically significant association between some pathologies and sex, amongst the most prevalent anatomical locations and sex and origin of the patient.

Objetivo: Realizar um estudo retrospectivo para verificar a prevalência das alterações bucais diagnosticadas em um laboratório público do Estado de Mato Grosso e determinar a associação com as seguintes variáveis: gênero, idade, localização anatômica da lesão e procedência do paciente(interior ou capital). Métodos: Uma amostra compreendendo 1894 laudos alterações bucais foi obtida no período de 2005 a 2008 no Laboratório Público do Mato Grosso (MT Laboratório). Resultados: Verificou-se que a lesão mais prevalente foi a gengivite crônica com uma frequência de 11,46%, seguido da hiperplasia fibrosa inflamatória (7,44%), mucocele (7,23%) e o fibroma (5,54%). O gênero feminino foi acometido por 50,63% dos casos e o masculino por 49,37, entretanto, não houve diferença significativa entre os gêneros (p=0,435). A frequência de alterações bucais foi maior na segunda década de vida. A região da maxila mostrou-se a mais atingida (24,45%) e a maioria dos pacientes procedia do interior do Estado. Houve associação estatisticamente significante entre algumas patologias e o gênero (p<0,001), entre a localização anatômica de algumas alterações e o gênero (p<0,001) e de acordo com a procedência dos pacientes (p<0,001). Conclusão: A lesão mais prevalente foi a gengivite crônica. Houve associação estatisticamente significante entre algumas patologias e o gênero do paciente; localização anatômica e de acordo com a procedência dos pacientes.

Image adjustments on digital panoramic radiographs using Adobe Photoshop CS3 software

Introduction: Favourable manipulation of images may be the greatest advantage of the digital radiographic compared to the conventional film. The current development of the cost-benefit of intra- and extraoral digital technology, besides the increase of computerized practices has turned the digital image into a superior alternative to conventional radiographs, in several aspects. Objective: To demonstrate image adjustments on digital panoramic radiographs using Adobe Photoshop CS3 ( Creative Suite 3) software in order to enhance digital images. Case reports: Digital treatment was conducted in two different cases using two filters available in Adobe Photoshop CS3: Smart Sharpen and Unsharp-Mask. Both filters improve overall image quality. In the second case, after brightness and contrast adjustments, it was possible to have a detailed visualization of radiopaque and radiolucent areas. Conclusion: The application of brightness and contrast adjustments and filters are feasible methods in order to achieve diagnostic precision.

Estudo radiomorfométrico como indicador de risco de osteoporose / Radiomorphometric study as an osteoporosis risk indicator

Objetivo: Avaliar a existência de diferenças nas imagens de radiografias panorâmicas por meio de um estudo radiomorfométrico. Método: Foi realizado um estudo observacional, sendo a amostra composta por radiografias panorâmicas de 60 pacientes de ambos os sexos, dividida em três grupos etários (n=20): G1: 20-30, G2: 30-45 e G3: 45-60. As radiografias foram digitalizadas e analisadas. O Índice panorâmico mandibular, a Altura original da mandíbula e a Porcentagem do osso reabsorvido foram calculados e comparados por meio dos resultados da média, do desvio padrão e do coeficiente de variação de cada medida. Resultados: Na comparação entre os gêneros, as alterações foram mais evidentes nas medidas de Forame mentual - crista óssea (FC) e na Porcentagem de reabsorção óssea alveolar (%AO). Foi observada uma pequena diferença numérica entre os lados direito e esquerdo nas avaliações das estruturas ósseas mandibulares (Altura total da mandíbula e na Proporção AM/AF). Conclusões: Como as variações entre as medidas não foram muito discrepantes, sugere-se que as medidas da Altura total da mandíbula (AM), da Altura do forame mentual-crista óssea (FC) e da Porcentagem de reabsorção óssea (%AO), devam ser consideradas como um seguimento que inclua os períodos de ganho ou perda de cálcio, identificados como um fator de risco de osteoporose.

Objective: Evaluation of the existence of differences in images of panoramic radiographs through a radiomorfometric study. Method: An observational study was conducted using 60 panoramic radiograph images of 60 different patients of both sex, divided in three age groups (n= 20): G1: 20-30, G2: 30-45 and G3: 45 - 60. The radiographs were digitized and analyzed. The Panoramic mandibular index, the original height of the mandible and the percentage of bone reabsorbed were calculated and compared through the mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation results. Results: The results were most evident considering the distance between mentual foramen and alveolar ridge, and the percentage of alveolar bone loss, when the genders were compared. A small numerical difference was observed between right and left sides in the evaluations of mandibular bone structures. Conclusions: As the variations between the measures were not very discrepant, it is suggested that measures of Total Mandibular Height, Mentual Foramen Alveolar Bone Ridge in the Percentage of Bone Resorption should be considered in the follow-up periods which includes calcium gains or loss, identified as a risk factor of osteoporosis.

Accuracy assessment of the axial images obtained from cone beam computed tomography.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate accuracy of linear measurements assessed from axial tomograms and the influence of the use of different protocols in two cone beam CT (CBCT) units. METHODS: A cylinder object consisting of Nylon® (Day Brazil, Sao Paulo, Brazil) with radiopaque markers was radiographically examined applying different protocols from NewTom 3G(TM) (Quantitative Radiology s.r.l, Verona, Veneto, Italy) and i-CAT(TM) (Imaging Sciences International, Hatfield, PA) units. Horizontal (A-B) and vertical (C-D) distances were assessed from axial tomograms and measured using a digital calliper that provided the gold standard for actual values. RESULTS: There were differences when considering acquisition protocols to each CBCT unit. Concerning all analysed protocols from i-CAT(TM) and Newtom 3G(TM), both A-B and C-D distances presented underestimated values. Measurements of the axial images obtained from NewTom 3G(TM) (6 inch 0.16 mm and 9 inch 0.25 mm) were similar to the ones obtained from i-CAT(TM) (13 cm 20 s 0.3 mm, 13 cm 20 s 0.4 mm and 13 cm 40 s 0.25 mm). CONCLUSION: The use of different protocols from CBCT machines influences linear measurements assessed from axial images. Linear distances were underestimated in both equipments. Our findings suggest that the best protocol for the i-CAT(TM) is 13 cm 20 s 0.3 mm and for the NewTom 3G(TM), the use of 6 inch or 9 inch is recommended.